Sustainable clothing consumption

Analysing Jamaican Creole Through English Language Essay

Breaking down Jamaican Creole Through English Language Essay Creoles can be commonly characterized as really blended dialects, which rose up out of the mixing together of at least two distinct dialects and turned into the native language of another age of speakers, gaining the full scope of informative capacities that a local language needs (Svartvik 2006: p.183). Most creoles created because of expansionism and lived one next to the other with the predominant language. As a result, these contact assortments were diminished to bring down capacities and seen as freak or broken types of the language from which they inferred. In any case, since postcolonial times, there has been a move towards the acknowledgment and acknowledgment of national dialects and personalities, which has offered ascend to another status and open doors for those vilified assortments (Schneider 2007). Jamaican Creole, by and large known as Patwa, can be considered as a genuine case of English-based creole which has started to conquer disgrace around its utilization and be perceived as a completely evolved language, just as an image of Jamaican character ( Schneider 2010: p.102). Jamaican Creole has its starting points in the late seventeenth century, when British colonized the domain (1655) and imported slaves from West Africa to work in the estates. Those Africans before long began to dwarf white populace and turned into the etymological models of the new slaves, contributing with this to spread the creole (Schneider 2007). During the times of imperialism, Jamaicaâ's language and culture were ruled by the British standards. In this sense, Standard English was considered as the most noteworthy assortment, gained through conventional training and utilized in broad daylight and formal setting (Devonish and Harry 2008: p. 256); as far as it matters for its, Jamaican Creole was slandered as a perverted mutilation of English, to be maintained a strategic distance from no matter what in broad daylight talk (Schneider 2010: p.102). After autonomy in 1962, a feeling of patriotism developed and prompted new mentalities towards Jamaicaâ's national culture and langua ge. In any case, along these lines for acknowledgment was difficult and Jamaicans needed to battle against biases and an exonormative direction which supported the Standard assortment without considering real factors of language use and the Jamaicansâ' personality (Schneider 2007: p.234). The figure of Louise Bennett might be utilized to speak to the soul of this period and can assist us with understanding the current phonetic circumstance in Jamaica. Hence, taking one of the Bennettâ's most acclaimed sonnets Back to Africa (1966), we will dissect the highlights of Jamaican Creole, just as the explanation that drove the artist to utilize this assortment and the thoughts she needed to transmit. The sonnet manages a young lady, called Miss Mattie, who needs to return to Africa since she believes that her country is there. The beautiful voice builds up a gathering of contentions to do whatever it takes not to emigrate to that landmass and, simultaneously, offers the peruser a decent portrayal of Jamaicaâ's substance. Right off the bat, Bennett presents Jamaicaâ's populace as a blend of various societies: (à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢ ¦) you extraordinary incredible/Granma was African/But Mattie, doan you extraordinary incredible extraordinary/Granpa was Englishman? (à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢ ¦)/You entire age (à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢ ¦)/oonoo everything is Jamaican! As indicated by Holm (2000: p.93): Ethnic cause of the populace in the 1960 registration was 76% African, 15% Afro-European, 3.5% East Indian, 1% European, 1% Chinese and 3% other. These days, it is evaluated that over 90% of Jamaicaâ's populace are of African birthplace (Schneider 2008: p.610). Furthermore, the writer implies Jamaicansâ' facial highlights and shading, which mirror their African legacy and recognize them from English individuals: goodness, you see the face/and between you a de Africans/is extraordinary similarity!. Along these lines, Bennett presents in this sonnet the characterizing attributes of the Jamaican populace: their social blend and their so lid African roots. At long last, the lovely voice guarantees that the young lady doesn't have to search for her country since Jamaica is as of now her home: you dah go fe look for you homelan/for a privilege deh so you deh!. In this sense, the artist thinks about that the genuine country is where one is conceived, instead of the nation of tribal causes. In a similar vein, Bennett likewise appears to urge Jamaicans to acknowledge their African legacy and make the island their own home, as it is simply the best way to accomplish distinguishing proof: do Sure a whe you originate from so you got/somewhe fe return to! Concerning language, the sonnet is completely written in basilectal creole. Jamaican Creole has West African dialects as its substrate (Startvik 2006: p. 183); which implies that dialects from Akan, Kwa and Buntu families are probably going to have affected piece of Jamaican essential sentence structure and elocution (Patrick 2008: p.610). In this sense, as it tends to be found in the sonnet, Jamaican Creole offers a few attributes with the remainder of Atlantic Creoles and contrasts in certain viewpoints from the English sentence structure. Right off the bat, in Jamaican Creole, tense and perspective are not set apart by inflectional morphology, however by setting. In this manner, neither the third individual solitary - s nor the past type of the action word come were found in the sonnet: Ef the entire worl start ['startsâ'] fe return/whe dem extraordinary granpa come ['cameâ'] from!. In a similar vein, dynamic angle is just motioned by pre-verbal dah (you no know wha you dah seh?) and the base type of the action word is utilized to communicate participle work in do/Sure a whe you come ['have comeâ'] from (à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢ ¦); in any case, non-accord was shows up in the sonnet to communicate the past type of the action word to be: (à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢ ¦) you incredible extraordinary incredible/Granma was Africa. Furthermore, helper action words were not found in inquisitive or negative sentences. Refutation is set apart by methods for the preverbal negator no, both in negative declaratives sentences and in basic ones. The utilization of no is a particularly creole element (Scheneider 2010: p.106), which is likewise exceptionally regular in different dialects, for example, Spanish, and can be found in the beginning times of the sentence structure of second language students, just as in kid language obtaining. Other negative structures are the utilization of doan in negative labels (But Mattie, doan you incredible extraordinary/Granpa was Englisman?) and the nearness of twofold nullifications (But no tell no one state); which is an element that shows up in different creoles, yet in addition in other non-standard English assortments (Schneider 2010: p.106). As to, first and second close to home structures were discovered: Me, you, oonoo ('unuâ') and furthermore inquisitive pronouns, for example, weh/whe ('whereâ'), just as the possessive structure who-fa ('whoseâ'). Moreover, as Patrick (2008: p.633) claims, uncovered individual pronouns now and then satisfy possessive capacities; in this sense, you can allude to the individual pronoun you or to the possessive you: Ef a tough time you dah run from/Tek you ('yourâ') possibility!. In a similar way, a solitary relational word can likewise cover a scope of capacities (Schneider 2010: p.106): Mus return a ('toâ') Englan, de balance an ('ofâ') you family. The utilization of a solitary structure assuming a few jobs is a trademark that all the phonetic frameworks have because of applying one of the most central standards of the language: economy. Another element of Jamaican Creole is the absence of linguistic additions (Schneider 2010: p.106). In this sense, possessive - s is kept away from and, as Patrick (2008: p.633) says, ownership can be communicated by juxtaposition (possessor+ had), as in incredible granmader fader, or by the utilization of the relational word an ('ofâ'), as in de balance a you family. In a similar vein, plural of things are commonly not checked or they are communicated by methods for the morpheme dem, in spite of the fact that it was not found in this sonnet; rather, Louise Bennett exchanges zero-stamping of plural (American), extremely regular in basilectal discourse, with the plural allomorph - s (Africans), which is shut to mesolectal and acrolectal structures. At long last, it is important to bring up the utilization of latent implications in dynamic structure (as in oonoo all stable manure a Bun Grung), just as the utilization of fe ('toâ') as the infinitive marker and the nearness of state and seh as the complementizer (correspoding to that) to present a finit object proviso after action words of reasoning or talking (Schneider 2010: p. 106): Me know say dat ['I know thatâ'] (à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢ ¦) Aside from the sentence structure, the way where a few words were composed adds to reflect locally elocution highlights. In this sense, it was discovered that the diphthong/ei/, as in 'takeâ', is monophthongized, offering ascend to the structure tek. In a similar way, fricatives [ãžâ ¸], [ãÆ'â °] and [ãšâ€™]â do not exist in Jamaican creole (Devonish and Harry 2008: p. 285); subsequently, they are subbed by stops (Schneider 2010: p.105), as on account of dat ('thatâ'), fader/mader ('fatherâ'/'motherâ') or sanctum ('thenâ'). At last, as in different assortments, word-last or syllable-last consonant groups are typically overlooked (Schneider 2010: p.105); this can be found in words as granpa/granma ('grandpaâ'/'grandmaâ'), an ('andâ'), mus ('mustâ') or homelan ('homelandâ'). Keeping in touch with her sonnets in Jamaican Creole and discussing a national character, Louise Bennett demonstrates her duty to a language and a culture that have been underestimate and minimized all through time. In this sense, she shows that Jamaican Creole is neither a messed up or insufficient assortment, yet, as it was examined, one completely created language with its own punctuation and jargon (Svartvik 2006: p. 176) and; thusly, as capable as the Standard English to communicate the entire scope of human encounters, contemplations and feelings. Figures as Louise Bennett added to ingrain pride in Jamaicanâ's national language and culture; that is the reason, these days the phonetic circumstance in this nation is tot

Integrated Financial Management Information Systems free essay sample

A FMIS is characterized as a data framework that tracks budgetary occasions and sums up money related data (Acevedo 2009, USAID report 2008 , Dorotinsky 2003)’. ‘Most association actualize FMIS to improve spending arranging and execution by giving auspicious and precise information to spending the executives and dynamic (Khemani, 2005)’. As indicated by both Dorotinsky (2003) and Rozner (2008) â€Å"an FMIS is a data framework that tracks money related occasions and sums up monetary data. It underpins satisfactorily the executives revealing, strategy dynamic, guardian obligations and the readiness of auditable money related statements’. In its essential structure, a FMIS is minimal in excess of a bookkeeping framework arranged to work as per the requirements and details of the earth where it is introduced Rodin-Brown (2008).In the open part, it can likewise allude to the robotizing of money related activities that empower governments to design, execute, and screen the spending plan by aiding the prioritization, execution, and announcing of uses, just as the custodianship and revealing of incomes. We will compose a custom exposition test on Coordinated Financial Management Information Systems or then again any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page FMIS arrangements can significantly add to the proficiency and value of government activities. Present day FMIS stages assist governments with consenting to residential and global money related guidelines and detailing measures and bolster decentralized activities through brought together Web-based arrangements, giving access to an enormous number of approved spending clients at all levels). A FMIS is a normalized observing and revealing framework, which unites all the data needs of an administration into one data database. It encourages steady account and revealing of data, to empower a legislature to take full scale choices that influence the nation in general. (Ernest and Young 2014) .As the name FMIS propose there are and ought to be, three controlling qualities for any structured FMIS it ought to be an administration apparatus, it ought to give budgetary and non-monetary data and in conclusion, it ought to be a framework. (Precious stone and Khemani 2005) As an administration device should bolster the administration of progress. It must be seen as an indispensable piece of spending framework change thus not be planned just to meet present prerequisites, yet in addition to help those requirements that are probably going to emerge as equal spending changes are actualized. Furthermore, FMIS gives leaders and open part chiefs with the data they have to play out their ad ministrative capacities. Change subsequently not be planned just to meet present necessities, yet in addition to help those requirements that are probably going to emerge as equal spending changes are actualized. What's more, ultimately it is a framework and its job is to interface, gather, procedure, and afterward give data to all gatherings in the spending framework on a persistent premise. All members in the framework, hence, should have the option to get to the framework and to determine the particular data they require to do their various capacities. The opposite is additionally obvious, if the FMIS doesn't give the necessary data that is, has not the correct usefulness it won't be utilized and will stop to satisfy its focal capacity as a framework.

Brand Recognition and Brand Loyalty

Brand Recognition comparable to Brand Loyalty Introduction â€Å"Brands are the most significant immaterial resource for companies† claims Bayu Sutikno of the University of Gadjah Mada in Indonesia (2011, p. 319). The world is loaded up with brands and everybody is attempting to depict a message. It is the activity of the buyer to choose what brand they like and what brand they couldn't care less for. In like manner it is the activity of the advertiser to convince the conduct of the 7 billion customers on the planet everyday.Out of that influence, advertisers make an after of such brands, which brings about brand faithfulness at long last bringing about productivity for the makers and fulfillment for the shopper. The Design The structure of the brand is the primary viewpoint a purchaser will perceive. Shoppers are prepared to search for subtleties in brands and the items created and intentionally, and all the more regularly unwittingly, make derivations about a brand and addit ionally item introduced (Karjalainen and Snelders, 2010, p. 7). There are two principle thoughts behind the structure of a brand, the qualities it depicts and the physical design that is presented.The values parcel is most significant on the grounds that it makes association with the buyer yet physical looks can draw in new purchasers before they can gather said estimations of a brand. Qualities can be perceptible as basically as in the brand logo or progressively troublesome what a brand depend on a passionate level. One case of qualities spoke to in the brand motto is that of Caterpillar, the overwhelming hardware producer and their recently evolved dress and clothing line. Karjalainen and Snelders, creators of â€Å"Designing Visual Recognition for the Brand,† clarify Caterpillar’s motto, â€Å"Industry driving solace and performance† (2010, p. ). From their boots to shirts to trucks and loaders, they center around making solace for the customer. For instance , in the boots, they include delicate insoles and added protection and afterward to the hardware, they made delicate insides with commotion and residue deterrent measures (2010, p. 6). Simply through their trademark, they speak with individuals that their image will be the most agreeable and afterward they back it up by taking measures to consolidate those qualities into their items. Correspondence of such qualities is best done the physical format and portrayal of the brand.The Volvo and Nokia case, depicted by Karjalainen and Snelders, features the significance of understood and express highlights of brands and items. Verifiable highlights are the highlights that are inconspicuous and not generally stand apart to the purchaser yet can have an oblivious impact of enjoyment or appall. While then again, unequivocal highlights are the significant highlights that are outwardly engaging or unappealing to the purchaser. They underscore the significance that lead items that will be the po rtrayal of your image must concentrate on the highlights and the highlights must to attached to the qualities you intend to accomplish (2010, p. ). Tina Lowrey’s article, â€Å"The Relationship between Script Complexity and Commercial Memorability,† agrees and contrasts with indistinguishable thoughts from Karjalainen and Snelders. Lowrey states that if a message is too unpredictable the purchaser won't have the option to review all the highlights and subsequently in all probability overlook the item. Be that as it may, on the off chance that the message is straightforward, at that point purchasers can review items simpler (Lowrey 2006, p. 8). . Likewise she expresses that the utilization of single/constrained words then customer can all the more likely partner brands and pictures (Lowrey 2006, p. 8).The Self Cornwall’s, et al. , article, â€Å"Sponsorship-Linked Marketing: The Role of Articulation in Memory† makes reference to the job of sponsorship in N ASCAR and how they use brands, for example, â€Å"Texaco† who might be firmly connected with dashing, yet they likewise use brands, for example, â€Å"Cheerios,† who has nothing to do with hustling vehicles (2006, p. 312). Yet, through sponsoship, numerous individuals see these brands and the symbolism makes connects in the purchasers mind. As Corwall, et al. , goes on to clarifies that it is the job of the advertiser to make associations

Overcoming Dry Drunk Syndrome or PAWS

Overcoming Dry Drunk Syndrome or PAWS Addiction Alcohol Use Withdrawal and Relapse Print Coping With Dry Drunk Syndrome Symptoms By Buddy T facebook twitter Buddy T is an anonymous writer and founding member of the Online Al-Anon Outreach Committee with decades of experience writing about alcoholism. Learn about our editorial policy Buddy T Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on March 02, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on August 28, 2019 Thomas Barwick / Getty Images More in Addiction Alcohol Use Withdrawal and Relapse Binge Drinking Children of Alcoholics Drunk Driving Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery If you have quit drinking but are still struggling with the negative and destructive attitudes and feelings you did during active addiction, you may be dealing with whats called dry drunk syndrome. Originally coined by the creators of Alcoholic Anonymous, dry drunk syndrome can have a negative impact on the process of giving up drinking both physically and mentally. While dry drunk syndrome is most common among people who quit alcohol without the support of addiction professionals, anyone can become a dry drunk, especially during the emotionally charged first year of sobriety. Learning the symptoms of dry drunk syndrome as well as a few strategies to better cope can help you or someone you love to move past this stumbling block toward lasting recovery. What It Looks and Feels Like Dry drunk syndrome is part of the phenomenon known as post-acute withdrawal syndrome  (PAWS). When a heavy drinker quits drinking, his brain must adjust to the chemical damage that alcohol has caused. This process can last for weeks, months, sometimes even years. Symptoms of PAWS include dizziness, slow reflexes, and problems with balance and coordination. A person dealing with side effects of PAWS actually may look like hes intoxicated even though hes been totally abstinent (which explains where the term dry drunk may come from). Emotionally, a person dealing with PAWS may have mood swings and become depressed, making him tough to be aroundâ€"maybe even as unpleasant as he might have been when he was drinking. Alcohol used to provide temporary relief from such feelings, but you cant rely on that anymore. Is Post Acute Withdrawal Syndrome Real or Just an Excuse? Symptoms Dry drunk syndrome doesnt happen overnight. Instead, the following symptoms can develop slowly over time, especially during the first year of recovery. Self-centered or superior attitude (in 12-step circles, this is known as terminal uniqueness)Poor impulse controlSour, impatient, or complacent in your recoveryAnger and negativity about recoveryResentment toward loved onesIsolating yourself from your support networkIncreasing anxiety and depressionFear of relapseJealousy of sober friends or those not dealing with addictionRomanticizing of drinking daysCross-addiction or abuse of other behavioral addictions (sex, food, internet use) Coping With Dry Drunk Syndrome Recovery from an alcohol use disorder means more than quitting alcohol. Even after you no longer crave alcohol, you need to deal with the psychological and behavioral issues that contributed to your addiction in order to prevent relapse. You may still be dealing with the stages of denial, anger, bargaining, and depression before finally reaching the point of accepting the absence of alcohol in your life. Some people truly experience sobriety as a kind of death and have to accept the loss and learn and grow from the experience before they can move on. Dry drunk syndrome interferes with this process and, although challenging, with the right support, its not insurmountable. You may greatly benefit from the encouragement you can  find at a support group  meeting like Alcoholics Anonymous (AA). You can also contact the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA)  National Helpline  at 1-800-662-HELP (4357) for referrals for treatment and support groups. There are also a few steps you can take on your own to start enjoying your new sober life as you work toward lasting recovery. They may seem simple and unsurprising, but they do work for many people. Find a Hobby Take up gardening, start collecting an item youre truly interested in or fascinated by, learn how to build things and focus on the creative project. The goal is to fill the time you once spent drinking with activities  that are enjoyable and engrossing. Get Healthy Theres no question years of drinking can take a toll on the body. A big part of recovery and your new sober life is making your physical health a priority. Try healthful recipes, join a gym, take up a sport, try yoga (which can have mental benefits as well as physical ones). If you love dogs and dont have one, this is a great time to adopt a stray or volunteer to walk dogs at your local shelter. How Can an Excercise Program Help Your Recovery? Try Something New Now that youre no longer drinking, you have a chance to embrace your sober life and redefine your passions. Now is the time to pursue those things youve always wanted to learn. Audit a class at a local university or college, or commit to reading every book you can get your hands on about a topic youre interested in. Lean on Your Loved Ones No one expects you to recover from an alcohol use disorder aloneâ€"nor should you. Even the people who you alienated before you quit drinking may welcome the opportunity to spend time with you. Ask your partner out for regular date nights, get more involved with your grandkids, find fun activities to do with friends that dont involve drinking. 7 Tips for Staying Clean and Sober A Word From Verywell The best way to prevent and/or cope with the physical and mental symptoms of dry drunk syndrome is to stay steadfast in your recovery. Now isnt the time to isolate yourself or become complacent in your sobriety, but to surround yourself with family, friends, and professionals who can support you as you work to build a sober and fulfilling life for yourself.

Global Inequity and Intimacy in Urban Spaces - Literature Essay Samples

Stephen Frears’ Dirty Pretty Things features multiple urban spaces that have been altered by globalizing forces to engender a more invasive/invaded form of intimacy in the immigrant communities of London. This is best exemplified in the film when two immediately recognizable urban structures – a taxi depot and an apartment, linked visually by a focus on their verticality – are transformed by surreal acts of privacy invasion, revealing in the process the non-normative uses that immigrants have for these spaces. Michel Foucault’s â€Å"Of Other Spaces: Utopias and Heterotopias† gives us the vocabulary to describe these transformed and imagined spaces. He defines â€Å"heterotopias† as â€Å"places [that] are absolutely different from all the sites that they reflect and speak about† (4). They are physically and culturally defined environments that reflect and influence the uses different groups of people have for them. In the environments of Dirty Pretty Things’ London, heterotopias appear wherever marginalized people repurpose urban spaces away from the functions of normative society that such sites metonymize, and into the sort of habitat necessary for their survival. Like most films in the crime/thriller genre, Dirty Pretty Things takes place in a series of urban locations that have recognizable uses for law-abiding citizens, but are recast as heterotopias by their employment in illicit transactions. One prominent genre marker that appears in Frears’ film is the use of an underground parking garage as a site for black market trade. In the history of crime fiction and film noir, the carpark appears often as a locale for criminal rendezvous, presumably because it presents a vision of anonymity, obscurity, and ‘in-betweenness’ (no incriminating evidence gets left in a place reserved for people and vehicles to move through without stopping) necessary for illegal action. In other words, the crime film’s imaginary vision of a carpark has the hallmarks of a heterotopia of deviation. The black marketeers use the hidden, impermanent space of a carpark as a place that allows in â€Å"individuals whose behavior is deviant in rela tion to the required mean or norm† to execute their criminal action (Foucault 5). Similarly, the privacy and liminality of a hotel room makes it the perfect site for an extra-legal sexual transaction, so brothel-hotels in Dirty Pretty Things and other crime films constitute another section of ‘profane space’ in the landscape of the urban criminal element. This filmic construction of a heterotopic ‘underworld’ in physical proximity to, but socially inaccessible by law-abiding citizens sets the tone for Dirty Pretty Things as a film that focuses on non-citizens moving through heterotopias created by their non- or quasi-legal status. Furthermore, since the generic elements of the film explicitly feature the abnormal movement and possession of human bodies (kidneys for transplant in the carpark and women’s bodies for sex in the hotel), the atmosphere of the film supports readings of altered intimacy in other heterotopic movements. Even in the least original heterotopic environments of Dirty Pretty Things, the audience is shown invasive redefinitions of bodily integrity forced by the circumstances of poverty and illegality. So, the audience is primed to notice how other forces of global inequity could change the ways an immigrant body is allowed to exist in urban space, and what heterotopias might exist to allow or enforce those changes. The opening scene of the film features the first of these novel heterotopias in the form of the taxi depot’s back room. After a day of driving, Okwe arrives to exchange his cab with the next scheduled driver. The camera pans down to the depot from the overpass, highlighting the seedy, ‘underworld’-like nature of the dark, ensconced architecture. His boss beckons him to a back room and, without asking for his consent, drops his trousers to have Okwe inspect his gonnorrheic penis. Okwe appears visibly confused and uncomfortable at this sudden reveal. It is onl y in this moment of invaded personal space and forced intimacy that the audience learns that Okwe is a doctor and that Okwe learns he is expected to use this back room as his practice. The use of this space as such is confirmed two more times in the course of the film, when more drivers come in for treatment of the same infection, and when Okwe treats a kidney harvesting victim in a similarly-lit apartment back room. The second of these heterotopias is Senay’s apartment. It is a naturally-lit, elevated structure which Senay and Okwe alternately use as a refuge from their days and nights spent drudging in the underworld of their illegal employment. Their meals and conversations there establish their respective backstories and mutual friendship. Much is made of how Okwe’s residency there must be kept secret, because Senay doesn’t want to be seen as living with a man and because her refugee status doesn’t allow her to rent out the place. It is thus defined as an intimate space for a single immigrant body. This intimacy is violated when, in one scene near the beginning of the film, Immigration Enforcement officials raid the apartment while both Okwe and Senay are there, and the domestic elements of the space are rapidly converted into camouflage for Okwe’s illegal person. His clothes are quickly hidden in the oven, his belongings above the doorway, and his body in the bathroom. The sudden shift from naturalistic dialogue to melodramatic action is as incongruous as Okwe’s bizarre conscription into medical service. The appearance of and harassment by pushy, sarcastic agents, men who fit a ‘henchman’ archetype, resembles an invasion of the immigrants’ personal lives by the ge neric elements of their criminal station. These spaces can be said to each gain a second urban function in the context of a community of people not recognized as proper citizens of London. The taxi depot becomes a back-alley clinic, and the apartment doubles as a safehouse. Both of these heterotopic functions of urban space are made necessary by the economic constraints of living illegally or quasi-legally in the UK. Without access to state healthcare, the other immigrant drivers invade Okwe’s place of business with their troubles. Their willingness to disrobe in front of him disrupts the normative definition of a non-medical workplace, replacing the usual space of a taxi depot with the heterotopic model of one where bodies rejected by the medical establishment can be observed and healed. But this is done at the expense of Okwe’s own desire to not be confronted with these bodies, and his reluctance to illegally obtain medicine, given his own legal troubles. The underworld’s medical heterotopia is one in which global inequity forces a community to survive at the expense of the usual intimate boundaries of doctor and patient, medicine and business. Senay’s home invasion occurs in response to her need to work and Okwe’s need to live someplace for free, because as a person â€Å"without any kind of papers at all,† according to one of the Immigration Enforcers , he’s driven to â€Å"prey† on someone who can host him. The legal imperative to hide evidence of living and working changes the apartment into another heterotopia of deviance, less shady than the back room clinic, but no less necessary for these people whose affliction of global inequity keep them from maintaining a ‘normal’ living arrangement. It is interesting to note that there exists a gendered difference in the way these characters experience the heterotopias of illegal immigration. Okwe’s workplace is invaded by the intimate needs of his community, whereas Senay’s intimate living space is invaded by the ramifications of her work and by her helping a member of her community.

Distinguishing Between A Learning Disability And Language...

Distinguishing Between a Learning Disability and Language Acquisition in English Language Learners One of the biggest errors made in schooling today is placing a student who is an English Language Learner into special education because of errors made in interpreting language acquisition as a learning or language disability. There has been no single method that has proven to be fully effective when distinguishing between English language learning students and students with a learning disability. As a result, students can end up in classrooms or programs that are not suited for their needs and can hinder their educational achievement. It is important for teachers and schools to understand the process of acquiring a second language and to be able to recognize whether the student is really receiving an adequate opportunity to learn. In a research study done by the National Center for Education Evaluation and Regional Assistance, schools, districts and states were studied to look for a structured process that could be most effective in discovering whether an English Language Learner might have a learning disability or just difficulty acquiring the language. Two factors were identified that lead to inconsistent identification of students who may have a learning disability. Those factors are lack of understanding among teachers about why English language learning students are not progressing and meeting academic benchmarks and the referral process into special education.Show MoreRelatedEssay about Placing English Language Learners in Special Education1182 Words   |  5 PagesWhen do English language learners need to be placed in special education? In the United States, there has been an increase in in the number of children from Spanish speaking backgrounds. The English Language Learners, commonly known as ELL’s, are being placed in Special Education without being properly tested for a learning disability. However there are a large number of ELL’s with learning disabilities in elementary grades that truly have a learning disability and are over looked. Many schoolRead MoreDyslexi Learning Disabilities ( Spld )1587 Words   |  7 Pagesdefined as specific reading disability, is one of the Specific Learning Disabilities (SpLD). The term ‘dyslexia’ was coined by Rudolf Berlin of Stuttgart, Germany, in 1887 (Wagner 1973). The term dyslexia comes from the Greek dys – ‘impaired’ – and lexis – ‘word’ which refers to impairment in the ability to read and spell that is not due to low intelligence or lack of educational opportunity (Brunswick 2009). Dyslexia was the first general term used to describe various learning problems such as AttentionRead MoreEssay on Understanding Persons with Intellectual Disabilities1518 Words   |  7 Pages It is important to understand the terms that are associated with intellectual disabilities. The first term is disability. Disability is an individual performing which includes physical, sensory, cognitive, intellectual mental illness impairments, and various types of chronic diseases. The next term involves intelligence. This term is the ability to think logically, reason out problems, prepare, understand difficult ideas, examine intellectually, and the ability to determine quickly and or acquireRead MoreCognitvie Development1150 Words   |  5 PagesTheory on Learning †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. How Cognitive learning can differ through cultures†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Cognitive Teaching Identifying children who may have a learning disability†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ What parents and teacher can do to promote cognitive learning†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ References Introduction In this paper you will read about what is cognitive learning and how does a child learn to think and develop through their early years. What are Jean Piaget’s stages of cognitive learning? How cognitiveRead MoreLearning Concepts and Research Approaches1337 Words   |  6 Pagesconcept of learning, distinguishing between learning and performance, and a comparison/contrast of the conceptual approaches to the study of learning. Whereas learning affects behavior, understanding how people learn and adapt can enable productive learning and may facilitate enhanced lifespan development. Concept of Learning Learning involves gathering information through sensory processing of stimuli and the behavioral changes the acquisition of that knowledge produces. Knowledge acquisition altersRead More Eradicating the Deaf-World Essays1469 Words   |  6 Pagesschool, they have no choice but to socialize with other Deaf children. Since they all pretty much use the same language, socialization is not a problem for them. Because these children grow up with others who use their language, they tend to remain close to their friends and often intermarry. Many people, including A. G. Bell, were opposed to Deaf marrying other Deaf. Bell said that sign language causes the intermarriage of deaf-mutes and the propagation of their physical defect (Lane, 1996:382). BellRead MoreLanguage Is A Building Block For Success2137 Words   |  9 PagesAssignment 1 – Reading Acquisition Language is a building block for success. It is a simple fact that the more you read, the more you expose your mind to discovery, creativity and imagination. Nelson-Royes, 2012 states that reading is well and truly at the heart of all learning and is a central tool, which connects all other learning areas of the curriculum. Becoming literate is undeniably a critical achievement in today’s society and not only focuses on a child’s ability to read and write but ratherRead MorePsychological Effects of Television on Children’s Behavior/Learning1519 Words   |  7 Pagestelevision has had surprising negative effect. Violence shown on television causes children and teenagers to develop behavioral problems and learning disabilities. Such behavioral and learning problems include; language development, school performance / learning, cognitive development and their general behavior to others (Kinnear 27). In a study on the correlation between violence and television done with 1,565 teenage boys over a six-year period in London, William Belson, a British psychologist, found thatRead More English As A Second Language Education Essay3495 Words   |  14 PagesEnglish As A Second Language Education When the English as a second language learner (ESL) or the English language learner (ELL) students have achieved English proficiency, it helps students to develop their understanding of mathematics. Students then effectively use mathematical tools, charts, patterns and other strategies, as well as their prior learning experiences to make connections to solve related problems. The majority are able to transfer their manipulative exploration to solvingRead MoreHuman Development Notebook Essay examples3460 Words   |  14 Pagesreferred to as experience-dependant. As its name implies, this action is driven by the individual experiences of the child and relates to the specific circumstances of which the brain has been exposed. An example of this would be the acquisition of a second language and the mastery of the unique pronunciation it entails (Woolfolk, 2010, p. 30). Issues and concerns When the brain fails to develop normally, a neurological disorder can present. One such disorder is autism. Autism is defined as a pervasive