Ethics within the Telecommunications Industry free essay sample

This paper is an essay discussing the ethical issues, challenges, and behaviors within the telecommunications industry in the United States and Asia. This paper states that business ethics is a major topic especially in the telecommunications industry. This paper is a critical report explaining and comparing the current state of ethics both in the USA and around the world. The author concludes that ethical standards must be met by all industries to insure a healthy world economy. One of the biggest scandals to hit the industry involves WorldCom, Inc. who recently revealed a $3.9 billion financial discrepancy leaving the entire telecommunication industry reeling. Telecom executives that once sought to emulate WorldCom are now rushing to insure employees and investors and perhaps even themselves, that their companies are sound and forthright.

Dream analysis Essays - Psychotherapy, Symbols, Freudian Psychology

Dream analysis Essays - Psychotherapy, Symbols, Freudian Psychology Dream analysis is a process that is characterized with the attempts to assign sensible meaning to human dreams. Dreams have always been interesting to people and they have been trying to explain their meaning objectively. In ancient civilizations people believed that dreams connected them with gods. If you saw a dream, it meant that spirits or gods decided to inform you about something important. A dream played the role of a hint. In ancient Egypt, Greece, Rome, China and Muslim culture there were special priests who analyzed dreams and explained them to others. Ancient kings also played much attention to their own dreams and they did not make any important decisions if they had a bad dream. They believed that a bad dream was a bad sign, so it was useless to make certain decisions. In the course of time people has decided to analyze dreams from the scientific point of view. Many psychologists observed this issue from their own side. Z. Freud, C. Jung and others devoted much time to i nvestigate the nature of human dreams. On the one hand, dreaming is a brain activity. On the other hand, psychologists tried to explain why people see different dreams in different times. According to Freuds theory, human dreams are closely connected with human subconscious. When one has any obsessive ideas, complicated problems, fears and phobias, it is possible that his dreams will contain things like that. Dream analysis was very popular in the process of psychoanalysis, because experts of that time used dream interpretation to solve human psychological problems. They looked for the answer in a patients dream. Dream analysis is an important topic for research, because one is able to observe this subject from the point of view of numerous disciplines history, geography, religion, psychology, philosophy, biology, etc. You should start your investigation with the detailed explanation of the meaning of a dream, dream analysis and other important terms that have connections with this issue. Then, you ought to observe the history of dream analysis in order to see human attitude towards dreams in the course of time. Moreover, you need to compare different countries and cultures and their attitude towards dream analysis. Finally, you should mention famous psychologists who researched this topic in the past. Moreover, they will have to construct a good well-formatted text. Obviously, many young people do not know how to build their texts wisely, so it is useful to read a free college term paper sample on dream analysis in the Internet. This example text will tell them something new about this subject and the proper style of writing.

Human Resource Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 1

Human Resource Management - Assignment Example It will gradually evolve into a value adding area for any organization if proper research and education is provided in the field (Plessis et al., 2007, p. 279). Human resource management evolvement, relationship with the organisation and environment, and human resource planning i) The first record of HRM can be traced back to 1780s where the various handymen like carpenters and masons formed an alliance in England to increase their bargaining power and get standard wages for their work. The industrial revolution paved way for set up of huge factories. Various welfare workers who took care of both the men and women workers needs were appointed in the factories. A team led by Elton Mayo carried out the famous Hawthorne studies which serve as a major, pioneering research in HRM during the 1920s. Trade unions started to appear after the Second World War era. Separate departments with a group of people handling various activities related to workers welfare like payroll and grievance handl ing started to appear by the First World War. Contemporary Human Resource Management took its place as prominent department of a company by 1960s (Pravin, 2010). They gained much wider fame and importance in the next two decades as various MNC’s started to appear. (Pravin, 2010) Personnel management is considered as the forerunner of HRM as it involves recruiting, training and firing people. It is often viewed as a tool to organize the manpower in a company rather than a strategic management technique like HRM. Personnel management is different from HRM in the following ways. (Sreenath, 2009) ii) The evolution of any process leaves its mark significantly on the current version of the strategy. HRM as a discipline views people as an asset and its operative functions include procuring employees, developing their skills, providing proper compensation for them, integration, maintenance as well as separation or laying them off. The industrial revolution concepts paved way for a se parate department concerned to labour welfare. Personnel management streamlined the managerial functions of HRM like organizing the hiring process, directing the training and controlling the employees. HRM as a strategy paved way for various researches and well defined techniques to follow in hiring and training huge number of employees. Concepts like Michigan School Framework and Harvard Frame work paved way for smooth flow of employee management in huge MNC's with thousands of workers (Salaman et al., 2005). HRM will facilitate the growth of organizational competencies which will yield competitive advantage over other peers through strategic management of employees (Lado & Wilson, 1994). Companies started to see workers as an asset and harvesting their brain power as their major goal instead of training them to perform monotonous jobs as it was during the industrial revolution era using these frameworks. (Sreenath, 2009) (Sreenath, 2009) Line managers are quite important for TQB a s the concerned branches falls under their direct controls. If the HR department motivates them properly with promised perks in terms of power and money, they will serve as a very positive influence on the workers communicating directly with the customers in the new branches. TQB’s goal to attract potential customers in the new branches will become much easier if the HR manager maintains a good personal relationship with the line managers, heed ears to their personal issues, help them achieve their

Property Law Master Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Property Law Master - Case Study Example or acted to her detriment on the basis of the common intention." In a statement made by Lord Bridge emphasizing that, "an express agreement by the parties to share the ownership of a land establishes a constructive trust." He specifically said that, "The first and fundamental question which must always be resolved is whether independently of any inference to drawn the conduct of the parties in the course of the sharing the house as their home and managing their joint affairs, there has at any prior to acquisition, or exceptionally at some later date, been any Based on the facts of the case of Eves v Eves3 and Grant v Edwards4 where there are similar situations to the above cited cases which were good examples of constructive trust created through an express common interest. ... He further said that the said house was intended for their family to live in. In Grant v Edwards6, a man purchased a house for him and his lover and placed it his name alone with the reason that it will prejudice the divorce proceeding of the woman. In both of these there was in truth and in fact only a simulation of common interest for the truth to the matter is that the men had no intention of including the women in the ownership. However, the recent cases of Yaxley v Gotts and Banner Homes plc v Luff Developments Ltd are deemed to have the true common interest intention meanings in them. In the case Yaxley v Gotts7, this case decided by the Court of Appeals held that this is a case of proprietary estoppel on the grounds that a constructive trust was established on the basis of an oral understanding with a builder that he would acquire the ground floor, so with this premise in mind, he did the work to convert and refurbish the said house into flats. On the other hand, in Banner Hom es plc v Luff Developments8 the Court of Appeals held that a constructive trust was formed by the agreement of two companies to acquire a property on joint venture but one of the said companies without the knowledge of the other went ahead to develop the site on its own. The statement made by Peter Gibson LJ of the Court of Appeals which stressed in Drake v _________________ 2 [1991] 1AC 107 at 132 3 [1975] 1 WLR 1338 4 [1986] Ch. 638 5 [1975] 1WLR 1338 6 Although they shared the same name, they were unmarried. She had changed her name to his by deed poll. 7 [2000] Ch 162 8 [2000] 2 All ER 117 W23636-3 Whipp,9 that the principles identified in Lloyd Bank plc v Rosset did not require the parties to have reached a common

Undecided Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Undecided - Assignment Example ese economy has grown at the phenomenal rate in last two decades; however, GDP growth rates between the year 2010 and 2014 has been falling consistently after touching close to 12% In spite of the over 7.5% GDP growth rates between 2010 and 2014, unemployment rates in China remained between 4 and 4.3% in last four years. Reduced exports create huge impact on unemployment rates; that in turn, affect GDP of the country. Not only that but also it results into lower private sector investment in the country (Marcelis, 2008). In 2009, China’s exports continued to decline month after month. While in March, 2009, exports were down by 17.1%, it declined further in the month of April by22.6%. The following chart shows how exports were affected between 2008 and 2009. Consequent to this, private investment declined considerably; however, intervention from the Chinese government in the form of stimulus package provided some respite to the economy. Fan Jiaping, the economist from the State Information Center, remarked then, "Export demand doesnt show any signs of turning for the better" (Batson, 2009). The following chart suggests that in the beginning of 2010, the inflation rate was negative in China that subsequently rose to the level of around 4% in 2012; however, since then after touching nearly 1% in the middle of 2013 it has again rose to the level of above 4%. This surely does not augur well for the economy, currently. As per Jeffrey Towson and Jonathan Woetzel, six mega trends are changing economy and business of China and they are: Huge manufacturing sector, burgeoning foreign exchange reserves, over 400 million strong Chinese consumers, huge spending on education, urbanization in a large scale, and information technology. The Chinese economy produces 90% of the worlds personal computers, 80 percent of the worlds air-conditioners, 90 percent of the worlds mobile phones, and 70 percent of the worlds solar panels. Manufacturing contributes to the 40% of the

The Tourism In Nepal Tourism Essay

The Tourism In Nepal Tourism Essay Situated between China and India lies the small land-locked country of Nepal. Slightly larger than the state of Arkansas, Nepal contains eight of the worlds ten highest mountain peaks making it a popular destination for adventurous tourists. Nepal is among the poorest and least developed countries in the world. The countrys population reached more than 21 million in 1994 yet the per capita income is one of the worlds lowest at $160 a year. Agriculture is the mainstay of the economy, providing a livelihood for over ninety percent of the population. Nepal is also a producer of cannabis for both the domestic and international markets as well as the transit point for heroin into the West. With the growing number of tourists, however, the Nepalese Government is trying to exploit this resource as well. One Nepalese ecologist says There are now three religions in Nepal Hinduism, Buddhism, and tourism. The influx of tourists has had dramatic effects on the environment and on the local commu nities who come into contact with the tourists. It is no longer uncommon to find discarded rubbish along the trekking trails. Just as common is the soil erosion during the monsoons as a result of severe deforestation, also caused by tourism. Tourism is not only the goose that lays golden eggsit also fouls its own nest, says a Nepalese scientist. The Nepalese portion of the Himalayas was long remote from the main pathways of international tourism. The first Americans and Europeans did not enter the region until 1950. Up until 1964 only mountaineering expeditions were permitted to visit the area. In 1971, scarcely one thousand visitors came to visit. A decade later five times that number visited, and by the end of the 1980s tourists numbered more than 8,000 annually. In 1993, the figure was closer to 300,000. The Nepalese Government hopes to attract a million people within the next ten years. More than ninety percent of these tourists are trekkers, coming mostly from the United States and Western Europe, but also from Australia, New Zealand, and Japan. With the steady stream of visitors, at least $60 million in foreign currency has been generated each year. One person who is fearful of what this may do to the local cultures and to the environment is Sir Edmund Hillary, now 75. Hillary believes that explorers have an obligation to protect the very things which they come to marvel. He was a driving force behind the creation of the Sagarmatha National Park and has established a trust which builds schools, hospitals, clinics, bridges and water systems for the Sherpas, whose culture is threatened the most. Most tourists come to Nepal to trek through the mountains. Trekking may be arranged by a service and done in a group or on ones own. Group treks are typically prearranged and paid for abroad or in the capital city of Kathmandu. The other alternative is to trek individually without the services of a trekking company. Individuals instead rely on the villages along the way for food and lodging. About one-half of the trekkers who come to Nepal, come with commercial groups. These treks generally last between twenty-two and twenty-five days. A trek for twelve clients will contain a support staff of approximately fifty members. Because these groups pay to make arrangements, little money goes to the local communities. The World Wildlife Fund estimates that only 20 cents of every $3 spent by an average trekker each day reaches village economies. The rest goes for goods imported from outside, notably the West. Individual trekkers, however, rely upon local guides and families. This means that more money is dispersed to the local communities. Regardless of how one travels, the environment and local communities are affected. Mountain trekking is part of a new type of tourism called adventure tourism. Adventure tourism attracts people who desire to see exotic and unknown places, primarily in the developing world. Adventure tourists, the name given to tourists who seek this type of tourism, are searching for authenticity. This means that the mountain treks are slow journeys which pass through the landscape, allowing time to explore both nature and village life. The core problem is that the environment and communities begin to change as a result of their newfound popularity. The local cultures become influenced by the presence of the trekkers and become modernized in their own way. Hence, they are no longer considered authentic and new ever more remote locations must be found. The idea behind adventure tourism is that the more remote a location is, the more it is desirable. This means that unless precautions are taken, degradation will inevitably occur. Perhaps the most visible impact of trekkers on the Himalaya is the growing amount of rubbish left behind. Galen Rowell wrote of the Himalayas, The solitary splendor is dazzling until I glance down at my feet. There, frozen into the ice cap of Tharpu Chuli, lies a miniature garbage dump; discarded candy wrappers, film cartons, plastic bags, wads of tissue, and half-empty food cans, all of it left by foreign climbing groups. It is a familiar and sickening sight to old Himalaya hands the growing pollution of a priceless heritage. It is estimated that over the past forty years, eighteen tons of garbage, from tin cans and beer bottles to oxygen tanks(this does not include such items as abandoned helicopters) have been dumped on Mount Everest alone. (The helicopters are a new form of tourism, called Sky Treks, for those who do not desire to hike up the mountains. Tourists instead ride helicopters to the top of the mountains, take their pictures, and then return to the bottom again.) Other estimates place the accumulated rubbish at fifty tones which will cost approximately $500,000 to clean up. A second, and perhaps greater problem than all of the rubbish, is deforestation. Many visitors come to Nepal expecting to see massive forests along the slopes of the Khumba. They do not come expecting to find Western amenities. Often the reverse is true. Western amenities assault the visitors in the teahouses and guest lodges they find along the trails while the forests are all but gone. Over the years, the influx of tourists has encouraged changes in the use of forests for fuel wood and construction materials. The forests have typically been used by the Nepali for fuel wood. However, the consumption rates between Nepalis and tourists greatly differs and this is where the problem lies. The demand for fuelwood from tourists has always been a concern for the park planners, administrators, and managers. They consider fuel-wood use by mountaineering and trekking groups to be one of the main environmental threats to the parks. It has been estimated that four times as much fuel wood is needed to cook a meal for a Western tourist than for a Nepali due largely to differences in diet. Add to that the fuel wood needed for the daily hot showers and for the bonfires to keep them warm and the impact on the forests is devastating. One trekker alone consumes five to ten times more fuel-wood than one Nepali. In addition to the trekkers who are consuming gross amounts of fuel wood, there are also the estimated 150,000 guides, porters, cooks, and other support staff who are traveling with the trekkers and who need fuel wood as well. Massive amounts of fuel wood are needed by the teahouses and guest lodges as well. More and more people are staying in the lodges and the number of lodges has quadrupled since 1976. The lodges and teahouses may use up to four times as much fuel wood a day as does a locals household. Others have estimated the amount of fuel wood used by one trekker per day to be more firewood than the average Nepali uses in an entire week. By 1979, the park authorities of Sagarmatha (Mt. Everest) National Park were beginning to see how extensive the deforestation, as a result of tourism, was becoming. As a result, they banned the use of wood for cooking and bonfires. All expedition and trekking groups now must use kerosene stoves to cook. However, there have been no restrictions on the fuel-wood used by loges and teahouses. This must surely change if the country wants to preserve the forests it still has remaining. In the Annapurna Conservation Area, a program was created to link conservation and development benefits, through tourism and involving the local people. The program helped the local lodge owners see the benefits of halting deforestation. While the trees did provided needed fuel wood, their elimination would destroy the beauty that many of the visitors came to see. The program organized lodge owners and all agreed to honor a requirement that trekking expeditions had to bring in their own kerosene. As a result of the burgeoning influx of tourists, the Nepalese Government began to establish wildlife reserves, national parks, conservation areas, and hunting reserves in 1976. The first three of these protected areas are recognized by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) now the World Conservation Union. One of the most famous conservation areas is the Annapurna Conservation Area Project (ACAP) created in 1986. ACAP was designed to minimize the negative impact from tourism and promote conservation and the socioeconomic development of the region. ACAP is unique in that it calls for the participation and management by the local people. The project is based on the belief that properly managed tourism can bring benefits both to the land and to the people. Tourists are regarded as partners in fulfilling the goals of biodiversity conservation, cultural revitalisation and sustainable economic development. ACAP managers and developers believe that mountain trekking is a form of education which can be used to benefit the Annapurna region. In addition, the trekkers provide much needed revenue that can be used for further conservation and development programs. Most tourists come to Nepal either during the cool, clear days of October and November or during the secondary peak season that extends from March through early May. Tourism has contributed in depletion of forest resources in Nepal. It was estimated in one report that per capita fuel wood consumption per individual tourist and group tourist was 5.5 kg and 18.5 kg respectively. Economic Data Industry output was $60 million may be as high as 75% concentration in some areas. Tourism provides the single largest source of foreign exchange for the countrys development plans and the largest source of employment besides agriculture for Nepali nationals. Tourism is also the major source of employment for many residents. Employment from tourism is seasonal as a result of the weather. Most people employed by the tourism industry work only four or five months a year. It also varies from community to community depending on the popularity and location of the village. For most family members, the income is earned through trekking as guides, leaders, cooks, porters, and kitchen crews. During the expeditions the Nepalis hired to assist trekkers are fed, lodged, and provided with equipment so they return home with all of their earnings. Employment in trekking has been predominate for men but the number of women earning income from trekking is on the rise. There has also been an increase in the employment and income generated from the establishment of tea houses along the trekking route. An increasing number of tourists carry light day packs and eat and sleep in the lodges for just a few dollars a day. A frequent complaint among the tourists is the lack of sanitary facilities. Sagarmatha National Park, the park which encompasses Mt. Everest, is getting a bad reputation as a result of all the trash. It is ironic that it is the tourists who are causing these problems, yet they believe that it is up to the park authorities to alleviate them. The World Wildlife Fund estimates that if present rates of deforestation continue, Nepals forests will be gone by the year 2000. This is troublesome not only because of the soil erosion and habitat loss which result, but also because 86 percent of Nepals energy comes from its forests. CULTURAL IMPACTS The influx of tourists have had a significant effect on the local communities, especially the Sherpas (a Nepali ethnic group) who live around the trekking routes. The culture of the Sherpas has been changed as well as the structure of the local economies. When the first trekkers came to Nepal, the Sherpa paid little attention to them. Now that the numbers have increased and the Sherpas services are in demand (Sherpas have historically acted as guides, leaders, cooks, porters, etc.), trekking has encouraged a get-rich-quick mentality. The result has been a decrease in agricultural production, since it generates less income, and a decrease in school attendance, children dream of becoming guides and drop out of school the moment they get the chance to join an expedition. The Sherpa see money now when they see a white face. Villages are also becoming more dependent on cash rather than the traditional means of barter and reciprocal labor. This has meant that villages are changing from being self-reliant into beingdependent on tourist dollars and outside resources to meet their daily needs. More and more agricultural fields are left fallow as more men are leaving to seek wealth from tourism. This means that more food must come from outside and that there is less of it, causing higher prices. The higher prices are a hardship on those families who do not have income from tourism. Other traditions are disappearing such as the custom of drinking Tibetan salt-and butter tea. The price of butter makes this drink nearly unaffordable and the supply of tea is uncertain since trade has also been disrupted by the beckoning wealth of tourism employment. The Sherpas have not saved or invested any of their income generated from tourism. Rather, they have spent it on Western items, further degrading their traditional culture. Trekking Sherpas, as they have come to be known as, have discarded their traditional dress for imported hiking boots, colorful wool sweaters, and down parkas. The division of the village into trekking Sherpa and non-trekking Sherpa has resulted in the creation of a new type of class. Whereas there were always class divisions in the past, all of the people dressed and lived in a relatively similar manner. Today donning the Western wear, the trekking Sherpa and his wealth is easy to distinguish from a farmer. Another affect of tourism is that local crafts are dying out. These crafts can not generated the same amount of income as tourism and the supplies needed are harder to obtain. The Sherpa now have access to cash, hence they are now able to purchase manufactured items rather than make their own. Wool is one item which has become scarce, hence layers of cotton must be bought and worn to keep warm. Trekking is one of the highest paying employments in Nepal today. The wealth available from this job draws many youngsters out of school and into tourism. Teaching and government jobs, once considered very prestigious, are no longer desirable since they do not provide the same income as trekking. It is ironic that many youngsters are leaving school since one of the qualifications needed today in trekking is knowledge of spoken and written Nepali and English. The youngsters may be even more valuable if they would continue their education rather than leave after a few years. It is also ironic that the Sherpa do not enjoy the trekking. To them, climbing is simply a high-paying job. The trekking Sherpa are also forced to reflect the image projected upon them by the Western visitors. The Sherpa wear masks, having a public side for the world to see and a private side which is true to themselves. It is hard for the Sherpa, who work twenty-four hours a day, to maintain the public mask. Some Sherpa see themselves partly as actors and entertainers. It is only when the trek has ended that they may unveil themselves and engage in drinking binges and general hell-raising that may go on for days. Finally, there is the disruption to the family life. The men are often away from the home ten months of the year. Many of the trekking Sherpa who are married, keep another woman in the cities where they stay in-between treks. Other Sherpa are enticed by the forward gestures of Western women, who often initiate the affair. A number of Sherpa women have lost their husbands or fiancà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€¦Ã‚ ¡s to foreign women. Perhaps a far greater concern is the loss of life. The decreasing number of young men has meant that many women are burdened with raising the children and with the responsibility of the farm-work. The young unmarried women are also disadvantaged since there are fewer young men. One must begin to wonder if it is justifiable to endanger the lives of the Sherpas so that others may enjoy themselves.

Childrens Rights Essay -- Social Issues, Child Rearing

At the onset, early in the seventeenth century, children suffered corporal punishment at the hands of their parents and educational institutions and, moreover, under the governing rules of religious institutions, children were abandoned, sexually abused and sometimes killed. Hugh Cunningham, a Professor of Social History, in his book entitled Children and Childhood: In Western SocietySince 1500 analyzes the historical context of family and child rearing and highlights influences that have helped shaped the rights of children. He asserts that the â€Å"history of childhood was a history of progress, that the experience of being a child, and an understanding of the nature of childhood have improved over time† (Cunningham 40). Thus, children have emerged from hundreds of years of being unjustly and unfairly treated, to persons with rights –children’s rights. In addition to this, the importance of equality between race, gender and children’s welfare has result ed in a myriad of laws implemented to improve the life and, specifically, the treatment of children. In examining the role of child rearing, child labour, education, state’s interest and the women’s movement, it is evident that these serve as turning points that have shaped the history of children’s rights in society. The importance of child rearing is influential in propelling the rights of children in society. Cunningham highlights the historical context of child rearing and argues that early in the seventeenth century, the importance of religion, specifically Catholicism, as having a growing emphasis on the duties of parents towards their children. Fathers were the masters of their household and were granted permission by the Church to have power over the life and death of their ... ...torically, DeMause asserts that children have experienced tremendous cruelty and neglect and also, children were likely to have been killed, abandoned, beaten, terrorized and sexually abused by their caretakers (DeMause par.2). Clearly, the historical experiences of children with religion, labor, education, gender and politics are turning points that affect the way in which children experience life. In addition, there seems to be a growing interconnectedness between parents, children and the social constructs outside the family unit that significantly affect the socialization and life of children. In order to promote and foster a world free of injustices, society must continue to be concerned with the cruelty and discrimination of children. Every child has the right to live a worthy and dignified life and thus, society must strive to uphold the rights of children.